Fitting Reality: How U.S. News Coverage of Brazil and Its Social Ills Changed During the 2014 World Cup

Autores/as

  • Kris Kodrich Universidad de Guadalajara

Palabras clave:

World Cup, Journalism, Brazil, News Coverage and Framing, Social Issues in Latin America

Resumen

Los periodistas a menudo usan el deporte para ayudar a examinar las cuestiones sociales. La cobertura de noticias de grandes eventos deportivos internacionales ayuda a influir en cómo la gente de todo el mundo percibe un país. Utilizando la teoría del framing para examinar en Estados Unidos la cobertura de noticias de la Copa del Mundo de 2014 en Brasil, este estudio determina que la cobertura de los problemas sociales en Brasil es generalmente negativa en USA Today, en el New York Times y Los Angeles Times: más de la mitad de los artículos sobre la Copa del Mundo que mencionan los problemas sociales se enmarcan de manera negativa durante el período de 45 días examinado. El periódico más negativo es el New York Times, con un 72% de sus artículos enmarcado negativamente. El diario Los Angeles Times tiene el mayor porcentaje de artículos positivos, con un 43% en una visión positiva y otro 43% en una visión neutra. Para USA Today, hoy en día alrededor del 50% de sus artículos se enmarcan negativamente y el 37% son neutrales. En general, este estudio indica que cuando los tres periódicos estadounidenses estudiados mencionan los problemas sociales en su cobertura de la Copa del Mundo en Brasil, la cobertura tiende a ser negativa en más de la mitad de los artículos, mientras que la mayoría de los artículos son pesimistas hacia la capacidad de Brasil para hacer frente a los problemas de su sociedad, algunos artículos - sobre todo en el diario Los Angeles Times - son más optimistas sobre la capacidad de Brasil para hacer frente a problemas como la delincuencia, la violencia y la desigualdad. Este estudio también revela que la cobertura de noticias tiene cambios al finalizar la Copa del Mundo, con los artículos, sobre todo en USA Today y The Los Angeles Times, llegando a ser más positivo que el éxito de Brasil en la organización del torneo se hace evidente. Mientras que el 77% de los artículos en general en el inicio de la Copa del Mundo son negativos, al final del evento solamente es el 30%. Viendo los periódicos individuales, USA Today tiene 100% de sus artículos negativos pero al final ya no hay ninguno negativo. El diario Los Angeles Times tampoco tiene artículos negativos al final. Sólo el New York Times sigue siendo negativo en un 75% hacia el final de la Copa del Mundo. Este estudio puede ser considerado optimista desde el punto de vista periodístico. Mientras que los periodistas son a menudo acusados de centrarse en lo negativo, la cobertura de la Copa del Mundo en Brasil indica que los periodistas pueden cambiar su visión en los medios de comunicación durante un período relativamente corto de tiempo. Como la celebración de la Copa del Mundo de 2014 en Brasil fue un éxito, los periodistas comienzan a escribir más historias que no se centran exclusivamente en el lado negativo de la sociedad brasileña. Los periodistas están modificando su marco para ajustarse mejor a la realidad.   Abstract Journalists often use sports to help examine social issues. News coverage of large international sporting eventshelps influence how people around the globe perceive acountry. Utilizing framing theory to examine U.S. newscoverage of the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, this studydetermines that coverage of social issues in Brazil isgenerally negative in USA Today, The New York Timesand The Los Angeles Times. More than half of the articlesabout the World Cup that mention social issues areframed in a negative manner during the 45-day periodexamined. The most negative newspaper is The New YorkTimes, with 72% of its articles framed negatively. The LosAngeles Times has the largest percentage of articles thatare positively framed, with 43% having a positive frameand another 43% of its articles having a neutral frame.For USA Today, about 50% of its articles are negativelyframed and 37% are neutral. Overall, this study indicatesthat when the three studied U.S. newspapers mentionsocial issues in their coverage of the World Cup inBrazil, the coverage tends to be negative. More than halfof the articles are framed in a negative manner. Whilethe majority of articles are pessimistic toward Brazil’sability to deal with problems in its society, some articles– particularly in the Los Angeles Times – are moreoptimistic about Brazil’s ability to deal with problemslike crime, violence and inequality. This study alsofinds that the news coverage differs toward the end ofthe World Cup, with articles, particularly in USA Todayand The Los Angeles Times, becoming more positiveas Brazil’s success at hosting the tournament becomesapparent. While 77% of the overall articles at the startof the World Cup are negative, that drops to 30% at theend of the World Cup. For the individual newspapers,USA Today goes from 100% of its articles being negativeat the start to none of them at the end. The Los AngelesTimes also has no negative articles at the end. Only TheNew York Times remains negative toward the end of theWorld Cup, with 75% of its articles still having a negativeframe. This study might be considered an optimistic onefrom a journalistic point of view. While journalists areoften accused of focusing on the negative, the coverageof the World Cup in Brazil indicates that journalists can change their media frame over a relatively short amountof time. As it becomes clear that Brazil’s hosting of the2014 World Cup was successful, journalists start to writemore stories that don’t focus exclusively on the negativeside of Brazilian society. The journalists are modifyingtheir frame to better fit the reality.

Biografía del autor/a

Kris Kodrich, Universidad de Guadalajara

Kris Kodrich, Universidad de Guadalajara Dr. Kris Kodrich. Associate Professor & Graduate Program Director. Department of Journalism & Media Communication. C-234 Clark. Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO 80523-1785 USA. 970-491-5986 (office); 970-491-2908 (fax)

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Publicado

2017-06-01

Número

Sección

Región Latinoamericana: Economía, Política y Sociedad